Chinese jade culture in the British Museum

The British Museum houses millions of human civilizations from around the world. About 23,000 Chinese artifacts are in the British Museum, including jade, bronze, painting, porcelain, lacquer, gold and silver. China has an ancient and long jade culture, and the Chinese jade system in the British Museum is very complete.

It has long been believed that Chinese civilization originated in the Yellow River Basin. However, we now know that there are many earlier cultures in the north and south of the region. From about 3800 to 2700 BC, a group of people in the Neolithic Age, now considered to be the Red Mountain culture, lived in the far northeastern region, now Liaoning Province and Inner Mongolia. They built a mature society with fascinating ruins.

Obviously, jade has a high value in Hongshan culture. Jade products are often the only items buried in the grave with the body of the deceased.

The main types of jade in this period include potted discs and hoof-shaped items, which are accessories worn on the hair. The coiled dragon is another important form of the sample. Today, it is called the "pig dragon", which may originate from a split ring or a scorpion. Many jade articles of this period were used as ornaments, and some jade products appeared to be used for clothing or body.

Yuxi comes from China, Shang Dynasty, about 1500-1050 BC

There is a poem by Emperor Qianlong on the jade

Emperor Qianlong (reigned in 1736-1795 AD) was a big collector of antiquities. He managed to acquire many famous ancient paintings, bronzes, porcelain and jade as royal collections. His preference for antiquities collection led some connoisseurs to make copies of their precious paintings so that their original works would not be lost to the emperor.

The Emperor Qianlong not only wanted to own these items, but he also wanted to put his own jade on it, or to write poems or comments on these items. He often does this on paintings, and he also engraves his own ideas on special porcelain and jade.

Emperor Qianlong is the person with the most jade in Chinese history. His jade collection covers the different historical stages of this precious material. This jade ring or disc can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty (about 1500-1050 BC). The Emperor Qianlong said in his inscription that his poetry was conceived from the delicate form of jade and the texture of the jade used.

Yuxi comes from southern China, the Neolithic Age, Liangzhu Culture, about 2500 BC.

An important burial jade with a face

In the 3rd millennium BC, a group of people from the Neolithic Age lived in the Jiangsu Province of China, forming what is now called Liangzhu Culture. They have very fine jade, pottery and stone tools.

They used two distinct jade rituals: one was a disc, later called a cymbal, and the other was a tube, later called a cymbal, which had a square cross section with a round hole in the middle. There is no doubt that both peace and harmony are of great significance. Although there are many sayings about the meaning and use of 璧 and 琮, they are still a mystery. The crickets and crickets are generally buried in large numbers, with only 25 plaques and 33 plaques in one tomb.

Most of the jade's horns are decorated with faces, represented by eyes and parallel bars. This design is a simplified form of a complex animal face statue.

The production process of the jade is quite complicated and takes a lot of time. Because jade can't be opened like other stones, it must be processed with a hard scrub. This jade is long, perhaps a very important piece of jade in its time.

Jade noodles from China, Neolithic period, about 2000 BC

a finely carved jade face

This jade carving combines the human face with the big fangs. The jade face is engraved with fine lines, showing a clear outline. Hair is represented by small curls and lines.

A large number of similar jade noodles were unearthed in China, mainly from the Neolithic period. Throughout the history of China, they became objects of considerable curiosity: they were collected in later dynasties and, to some extent, copied by later sculptors.

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