The cotton yarn is a yarn processed by a cotton fiber through a spinning process, and is called a cotton thread after being processed by a joint. According to the different processes of spinning, it can be divided into carded yarns and combed yarns. (1) Carded yarn: a yarn spun from a cotton fiber through a common spinning system. (2) Combed yarn: a yarn spun from a combed spinning system using cotton fibers. The combed yarn is made of high-quality raw materials, and the fibers in the yarn are straight and parallel, the knots are few, the gloss is good, the strips are even and the strength is high, and the cotton yarns are mostly used for weaving high-grade fabrics.
Cotton yarns are widely used as woven yarns, such as sheets, quilts, curtains and other home textiles. It can also be used as a knitting yarn. Especially combed yarn can be used to produce textiles with high quality requirements, such as high-grade sweatshirts, fine poplin, etc. Cotton yarn can also produce electric yellow wax cloth, tire cord fabric and high-speed sewing thread for special industrial use. And embroidery lines, etc.
(1) Classification of fiber raw materials according to yarn
1. Purely spun yarn: A yarn consisting of a fiber material.
2. Blended Yarn: A yarn spun from a mixture of two or more fibers.
3. Mixed yarn: A yarn formed by combining two or more filaments with different properties or appearances.
(2) Classification according to the fiber state in the yarn
1. Short fiber yarn: A yarn obtained by kneading fibers with a length of short fibers through various spinning systems.
2. Filament yarn: A yarn consisting of single or multiple filaments.
Monofilament yarn: A filament yarn composed of a single filament.
Multifilament yarn: a filament yarn composed of a plurality of filaments.
(3) Classification by spinning process
1. Plain cotton yarn and combed cotton yarn:
2. worsted yarn and woollen yarn
(4) According to the yarn structure
Simple yarn
(1) Single yarn: A yarn obtained by twisting a bundle of fibers.
(2) Strand: A yarn obtained by twisting two or more single yarns.
(3) Reclamation of multiple strands: yarns twisted from two or more strands.
2. Complex yarns have a more complex structure and a unique appearance, such as fancy yarns, core yarns and wrap yarns.
(5) Sorting by yarn finishing
1. Mercerized yarn through a mercerized cotton yarn.
2. Yarn of singeed yarn after singeing.
3. The original color yarn, also known as the primary color yarn, is a yarn that has not been bleached or dyed.
4. Yarns of dyed yarns that have been scoured and dyed.
5. Yarns of bleached yarns that have been scoured and bleached.
1, remove impurities
Spinning is a science that studies the processing of textile staple fibers into yarns. The yarns are usually made by a number of short fibers of varying lengths, and are made of long continuous filaments. Made up. In the spinning process, it is first necessary to remove the impurities, that is, the preliminary processing of the raw materials, which is also called the preparation of the spinning raw materials. The types of raw materials are different, the types and properties of impurities are different, and the processing methods and techniques are different. The primary processing methods for raw materials are physical methods (such as ginning), chemical methods (such as degumming of hemp, refining of silk), and physical and chemical methods (such as wool washing and de-charging).
2, release
The disorganized and horizontally closely related fibers are processed into a longitudinal order, and the smooth yarns with certain requirements need to change the bulk fibers into a single fiber state, release the horizontal connection of the fiber raw materials, and establish a firm end-to-end connection. Vertical contact. The former is called the release of fibers, and the latter is called the collection of fibers.
The release of the fiber is to completely remove the horizontal relationship between the fiber and the fiber. However, fiber damage must be minimized. The collection of fibers is such that the loosened fibers are re-established in an ordered, longitudinal relationship that is continuous and that the fibers in the assembly are uniformly distributed while having a certain linear density and strength.
Fiber aggregates also need to add a certain degree of twist. The assembly process is not completed once, and it can be completed after many processes such as combing, drawing, and twisting.
3, open pine
Opening is to tear large pieces of fiber into small pieces and small fiber bundles. Broadly speaking, the degumming of hemp is also a kind of opening. As the opening action progresses, the relationship between the fibers and the impurities is weakened, so that the impurities are removed and the fibers are mixed. The opening action and the removal of impurities are not completed at one time, but are gradually realized by a reasonable configuration of tearing, striking and dividing.
4, combing
The combing action is to further loosen the small pieces and small bundles of fibers into a single state by a large number of dense combs on the carding machine, thereby further improving the release of the fibers. The lateral relationship between the fibers after carding is basically removed, and the impurity removal and mixing effects are more sufficient. But there are a lot of fibers in the shape of a curve. And there are hooks, there is still a certain horizontal relationship between each fiber. The earliest spinning machine.
5, combing
The carding function of the combing machine is to use the comb to perform more detailed combing on the two ends of the fiber. The combing machine can eliminate short fibers and fine clams below a certain length, which makes the fibers more parallel and straight. Chemical fibers are generally processed without combing because of their neat length, low impurities, and straight parallel state.
6, drafting
The carded strips are drawn to length and gradually reach the predetermined thickness. This process is called drafting. It lays the foundation for the firm establishment of regular end-to-end connections between fibers. However, the drafting will result in uneven length of the sliver, and therefore, it is necessary to arrange a reasonable drafting device and process parameters.
7, crowning
Twisting is to twist the strand around its own axis so that the fibers parallel to the axial direction of the strand are helical, thereby creating radial pressure to secure the longitudinal relationship between the fibers.
8, winding
The semi-finished or finished product is wound into a form suitable for storage, transportation, and processing of the next process, which is called winding. The winding process should be carried out continuously without affecting the output and quality of the product. Efforts should be made to achieve continuous production between processes and to minimize the quality problems caused by the winding process. In short, the spinning process generally includes the preparation of raw materials, opening, combing, removing impurities, mixing, drawing, combining, twisting and winding, and some effects are achieved after repeated iterations.
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