Experts: Ancient Art False

The National Treasures, the Han Dynasty Jade Stools, and the Golden Jade Jade Garments ... continue to challenge Tibetan friends' psychological bottom line collections and cheating incidents. Climaxes have occurred one after another, and the newly-incriminated blue-and-white hot water bottle is a common sensation.

Experts said that the art fraud has existed for a long time. This is an associated phenomenon in the antique market, and it is not a big surprise. However, falsification is also a very technical job. It is well-made and sells right, and is an antique artwork. Market value has also been recognized by the industry, but it is too unprofessional to create value.

“Through” the collection threw down the net friends saw blue-and-white cans and blue and white bowls, but have you ever seen blue-and-white hot water bottles? Recently, CCTV's "treasure hunt - into the Jinjiang" program, a treasurer holding the "blue hot water bottle in the Ming Dynasty" shocked the audience, according to him, this is Zheng He's water on the ship when he sailed into the Western world.

In the face of this “crossing through” collection, the expert uttered a flaw at the bottom of the bottle: “In general, the emperor’s emperor was not written, and the word “eunuch” is also a modern term. All indications indicate this. Things are modern.” The expert also quipped: “Thanks to the rich imagination of ceramic creators, if Zheng Hequan knows, he will certainly sneeze.”

Netizens also vowed: "Is the counterfeiter at the lower limit of the show IQ?" "I have brightened my titanium eye," "Is the blue-and-white porcelain matching hotter?" "I look forward to the 5th generation of bronze wares unearthed in the Warring States..." ... More friends have sunk blue and white flowers, blue and white TVs, and blue-and-white apples that have been bitten.

Such ridiculously popular art falsifications have recently emerged in an endless stream. At the beginning of this year, the “Han Dynasty Jade Stool” with a price of 220 million yuan was auctioned. Before experts questioned it from a professional point of view, they were derided by netizens using historical knowledge. “The Han Dynasty people sat on the floor and the stool had not been invented yet!”

Another breathtaking incident was the case of "Jinyu Jade Clothing." The businessman Xie Genrong hired a series of jade tablets, and requested Niu Fuzhong, director of the appraisal committee of Beijing Zhongbiao Cultural Relics Appraisal Center, to concatenate “Jinyu Jade Clothes”, and Niu Fuzhong invited 5 experts to value this “cultural relic” for RMB 2.4 billion. . Thanks to this valuation, cheating banks out of 700 million **, causing the bank to lose 540 million yuan.

The falsification of works of art is inherited by the Chairman of the Cultural Research Institute of Henan Ceramics, said Qiao Hongtao, and the falsification has existed for a long time. However, depending on the degree of falsehood, it is divided into three categories: First, the falsification is made entirely by his own idea, and the falsification is made by this kind of comparison. The second is based on historical evidence, but the knowledge of counterfeiters is not comprehensive enough, resulting in the integration of various elements of the dynasty. For example, the Tang Dynasty used the form of the Song Dynasty. This type of imitation requires a certain history and profession. Knowledge to identify; Third, high imitation goods, in all aspects are completely in accordance with the real thing to do, and sometimes even the experts are not necessarily able to see it.

In ancient times, people made imitation goods rarely for the sake of profit, and it was often out of personal preference to imitate the fine art of the past. When Huizong Hui emulated a batch of Shang Dynasty bronze wares, they were ordered by the court. Now, these things are rare and their prices are high. During the Qianlong period, it also imitated the jades and porcelains of the previous dynasties.

For the sake of profit, large quantities of counterfeit works of art began in the late Qing Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty. For instance, inscriptions were etched on plain bronzes to increase their value. In general, however, counterfeit technology at that time was still relatively small compared to the present. Most of them were based on traditional techniques. The amount of counterfeiting was much less, and things had certain values.

However, since the founding of New China, especially in the last two or three decades, with the development of science and technology, fraudulent technology has grown by leaps and bounds, the amount of counterfeiting has suddenly increased, and profits have been extremely high. Take the bronze ware, a machine assembly line can make hundreds of pieces each day. The decoration is scanned electronically and it is also very beautiful. Counterfeiters use very low costs, investment of tens of dollars, and fake goods created by them can be sold for more than 100,000 yuan to make huge profits.

The falsification and falsification involved various categories of art collections, including ceramics, jade articles, coins, bronze wares, paintings and miscellaneous items. Especially in the history of the production of related resources in the area, fraud, prosperity, the formation of industry.

According to industry sources, in Jingdezhen, the porcelain capital, there are as many as 1,000 antique porcelains and dozens of high-fidelity ones. These people have specializations in the field of surgery, imitating, imitation, Xuande, imitating blue and white, and imitating Hongwu. These are high-level professional households. “Some masters use traditional crafts to imitate the official kiln products and the Yuan’s blue and white flowers, and spend 1.2 million yuan to burn a kiln, pick the best of two or three pieces, and break the rest, then take the two or three pieces and make it old. Overseas auctions often take millions of millions.

In addition, Hebei Fengfeng imitation Cizhou kiln, Luoyang Nanshishan imitation Tang Sancai, Yixian imitation enamel, Yichuan County Yandai Village imitation bronze, Anhui imitation ancient jade, imitation Celadon, Hefei antique jade, Tianjin Drum Tower imitation painting and calligraphy ... These places While relying on traditional techniques to develop the contemporary art industry, it has also formed an extremely prosperous fraud industry.

Ten times in nine rounds of eye-catching greediness and counterfeit means are changing with each passing day, and imitation goods are emerging in an endless stream. If you want to avoid fake purchases, in addition to the knowledge of traditional utensils, you must continue to learn and recognize knowledge. Qiao Hongtao said: “In the current antique market, there can be one hundred in 10 thousand people who understand very clearly that there are one or two hundred people in the top of the hundred who can really understand.” He suggested that playing collections should be practiced on their own. Through continuous exploration and accumulation of experience, we can reduce the chance of buying fake goods. What is most undesirable is the "leakage" mentality. "As the saying goes, ten times and nine times of eye-catching are greedy."

Experts in the industry suggest that avoiding “drilling” requires more work and understanding of historical knowledge and expertise in peacetime. At the same time, we must also know the common methods of fraud, and pay special attention to the details.

According to Qiao Hongtao, ceramic falsification technologies mainly include splicing, false leather false color, glazed after back spotting, and new products made of old ones. At present, the most common is that new products are made old, with methods such as soaking in acid and alkali solutions, and polishing with fine sandpaper. Can be identified from the ceramic shape, bottom section, process and other aspects.

Bronze and coin identification expert Yu Qian introduced common falsification methods for bronze ware: “At present, the main falsification methods in the ancient numismatic currency market include sanding, sculpting, digging, inlaying, and so on. After doing a good job, it is necessary to use corrosion and rust according to the situation. The counterfeiters generally do not do orphan products, nor do they do too common types, and coins that are frequently used for counterfeiting are generally varieties with a small quantity and a small range of circulation. The main methods of discrimination are shape, text, casters, rust-filled pulp and copper. There are several aspects of quality. Copper is divided into bronze, copper, brass, and white copper. As brass appeared in the Ming Dynasty, coins from the Ming Dynasty must have been fake if they were brass cast.”

Zhang Jifeng, an expert in calligraphy and painting appraisal, introduced the methods of counterfeiting: “The most common methods for painting and calligraphy are Linfen, woodblock watermarking, exposing, grafting, or falsifying famous artists. With the advancement of technology, some high-tech fraud laws are emerging. Such as computer laser engraved chapters, the use of special instruments 'clone' paintings, etc., so that the difficulty of identification continues to increase.However, regardless of how thorough the fraud, can always leave some clues, which requires continuous learning, improve their own identification level in order to find flaw."

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