The Song Dynasty of China was an era of unprecedented development of handicrafts and industry and commerce. The country was rich and the people were strong and the culture was developed. The jade articles of this period are in a transitional stage of inheriting the past and the future.
The two Song jade inherits the style of the two Song dynasties. Usually, the composition of the picture is complex, multi-level, both form and spirit, and has a strong interest in painting. It has completed the transformation of Tang Yu's emphasis on craftsmanship and sculpturality to Song Yu's emphasis on painting and art. At this time, the royal jade varieties are rich and varied, and the jade belts are jade belts and jade articles. They are made of jade, jade, ceremonial jade, jade book and so on.
The inner court specializes in jade, and the jade material is tribute from the Western countries. The folk jade is also more prosperous than the former, and a large number of jade ornaments and jade articles appear. The royal family, the bureaucrats and the folks all popularly collect ancient jade, and the antiques began to appear as a forgery or counterfeit ancient jade. Therefore, Song Yu is divided into ancient jade, time jade, pseudo ancient jade and antique jade.
The Song Dynasty and its later or later Liao Jinyu culture removed the complicated foreign cultural factors of the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, and inherited and developed the characteristics of the city's degeneration and art, especially the characteristics and skills of the two Song paintings. .
The Liao and Jin jade wares were also crushed by Han Chinese jade workers, but their subject matter is rich in frontier national characteristics and nomadic life. Chunshui Pei and Yuqiu Mountain, the theme of Qidan and Jurchen life, are outstanding representatives. Artistic attainments.
Song, Liao, and Jindu have seen unprecedented plots with a plot and background landscape, and the hanging plastic or three-dimensional Xiaosheng jade that is smashed by hollowing out. It is an emerging form of jade in this era, with distinct characteristics of the times.
In short, the characteristics of jade articles in this period are: jade, such as gelatin, complex composition, twists and turns, smashing, emptiness, and both form and spirit, is the second peak of Chinese jade culture.
The Yuan Dynasty society was a dynasty dominated by the nomadic people, and the Chinese native culture was greatly suppressed.
Although the jade at this time kept the jade and style of Song Yu, but it did not continue to carry forward, but fell back, its artistic and processing techniques are relatively rough.
In addition to the use of jade in the Yuan Dynasty, the jade material was widely used in construction and furniture, and the application range of jade articles was expanded and the number increased. The inner jade institutions and the jade workshops of the inner court are unprecedented in scale. The inner court and the government-run jade handicraft industry in the Yuan Dynasty are particularly developed. Because of the existing layout of the official and the jade art of the Southern Song Dynasty, Dadu and Hangzhou became the two major jade craft centers.
Yuan Yu inherits the rumors of Song, Liao, and Jin jade, and has a slight change. His work is becoming rough and rough, and he continues to grind Chunshui jade and Qiushan jade and traditional Han jade inherited from the Southern Song Dynasty.
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